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Principleof Magnetism（Electron Spin）

What is electron spin that is the essence of the power? Electron spin is one of the basic characteristics of an elemental particle. Electron spin is affected by a magnetic field, and named spin because electrons appear to rotate.

Atomic Structure of Ferromagnetic Elements

【E.g.:Atomic Structure of Ferromagnetism Fe (Steel)】
Electrons rotate around the nucleus in pairs with a clockwise and counterclockwise spin. But, with steel, the track is irregular with five counterclockwise spins and one clockwise spin, so four electrons do not have an electron toform a pair. These are called unpaired electrons.

As the rotation direction of the four electrons is the same, they function as an electron magnet.